The Surprising Reasons Songbirds Cover Themselves in Ants
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Chapter 1: Understanding Anting Behavior
In the intricate web of nature, no creature exists in isolation. While humans often pride themselves on their ability to manipulate the natural world for personal gain, the reality is quite different. Numerous instances of symbiotic relationships showcase how different species interact. For instance, birds feast on ticks from rhinos and wildebeest, while clownfish thrive within the protection of sea anemones, even offering food scraps in return. Honeybees gather nectar from flowers, simultaneously aiding in pollination.
But have you ever heard of the intriguing relationship between songbirds and ants? This behavior, known as anting, has been documented in over 200 bird species, primarily among songbirds. The birds either intentionally place ants on their bodies or simply settle on an anthill, inviting the ants to crawl over them.
What benefits do these ants provide to the birds? Although the precise advantages remain uncertain, several theories have emerged. Let’s delve into the potential benefits that these ants may offer to the songbirds.
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Section 1.1: Ants and Itching Relief
One prevailing hypothesis suggests that the ants' ability to produce formic acid plays a crucial role in this behavior. This potent acid, with a pH level ranging from 2 to 3, is excreted by ants as a defense mechanism against threats. They can spray it from their abdomens, reaching up to a meter away, where it acts to kill bacteria and deter predators, often causing irritation upon contact with sensitive skin.
(In comparison, Red Bull has a pH of about 3.3, Pepsi has a pH of about 2.5, and battery acid has a pH of about 1.0.)
One theory posits that birds actively seek out this formic acid during the molting season, typically observed in late summer and early fall. As new feathers emerge, the process can be itchy, and the formic acid may help alleviate this irritation.
Section 1.2: The Cleansing Effect of Ants
Additionally, the secretion of formic acid serves as a potential remedy against parasites and harmful bacteria that may linger on the birds’ skin. Birds are often plagued by parasites like lice and mites, which burrow beneath their feathers. These pests can cause discomfort as they feed on the bird’s skin and feathers.
Formic acid is known for its insecticidal properties and has been shown to be effective against mites. Birds might engage in anting behavior to rid themselves of these irritating pests. Interestingly, birds have also been observed using various other substances with similar pesticide qualities, such as marigold petals, mothballs, citrus peels, and even cigarette remnants.
Chapter 2: The Potential Nutritional Benefits of Anting
The first video explores the intriguing question: Why are birds covering themselves in ants? This behavior sheds light on the various benefits that birds may derive from their interactions with ants.
Birds often consume ants as a valuable source of protein. For those considering a shift away from meat for ecological reasons, insects like ants provide a more sustainable protein alternative without compromising nutritional value. However, the formic acid that ants produce can be unpleasant for birds. Anting may serve as a learned technique for birds to prompt ants to empty their stores of formic acid, making them a safer and more palatable snack.
Research has shown that even hand-reared blue jays, unfamiliar with ants, exhibit anting behavior. When presented with ants, they would rub them against their bodies if the ants contained formic acid, effectively discharging the acid before consuming them.
The challenge lies in the fact that the formic acid is stored near the ant’s crop, which contains essential nutrients. Anting may be the method by which birds can enjoy the protein while minimizing the unpleasant effects of formic acid.
We Still Have Questions
As with many scientific inquiries, multiple compelling hypotheses exist, each backed by evidence. However, determining which theory is the most accurate remains elusive. It’s possible that various hypotheses may hold true for different bird species or that multiple factors contribute to the behavior.
What seems most probable is that birds engage in anting for a combination of reasons: to alleviate itching, eliminate pesky parasites, and perhaps even enjoy a nutritious snack. This remarkable behavior illustrates the complex interactions that occur between different species in nature. While it may not constitute true symbiosis—since ants don’t appear to gain any benefit—it suggests a commensal relationship where one party thrives at the expense of the other.
As humans, we often pride ourselves on being the sole tool users in nature, but have we ever considered employing ants as a means to rid ourselves of parasites? This invites reflection on our place within the natural world and the connections we share with other creatures.
Can you think of additional examples of commensal relationships where one side benefits while the other remains unaffected?
The second video discusses the peculiar advantages of covering oneself in ants, further illuminating this fascinating behavior in the avian world.
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